Running Terminology
Running isn't just putting on running shoes and starting to run. Once you participate in more races, you will start to hear many 3-letter words, 4-letter words, some unfamiliar terms or words which are referring to distance, state and condition of running, running types, techniques, injuries, etc.
Bandits?
DNF?
LSD?
Chafing?
...
A
Aerobic
Literally “oxygen.” Usually referring to exercise at an intensity where your cardiovascular and respiratory systems can still deliver all the oxygen your body needs, preventing lactic acid from building up in the muscles. Aerobic exercise can be done for long periods of time.
Literally “oxygen.” Usually referring to exercise at an intensity where your cardiovascular and respiratory systems can still deliver all the oxygen your body needs, preventing lactic acid from building up in the muscles. Aerobic exercise can be done for long periods of time.
Anaerobic
“Without oxygen.” Usually referring to exercise at an intensity high enough that your body can't provide all the oxygen your muscles need and lactic acid quickly builds up, making your legs feel heavy and tired (and sometimes like they’re burning). It is an intensity of exercise that can’t be sustained for very long.
“Without oxygen.” Usually referring to exercise at an intensity high enough that your body can't provide all the oxygen your muscles need and lactic acid quickly builds up, making your legs feel heavy and tired (and sometimes like they’re burning). It is an intensity of exercise that can’t be sustained for very long.
anaerobic threshold (AT)
The transition phase between aerobic and anaerobic running. Good training will increase AT by teaching the muscles to use oxygen more efficiently, so that less lactic acid is produced. Also known as "lactate threshold."
Athletics
Another name for track and field, and the term most commonly used for the sport abroad. It comes from the Greek word “athos,” meaning contest.
Another name for track and field, and the term most commonly used for the sport abroad. It comes from the Greek word “athos,” meaning contest.
AIMS
Association of International Marathons and Road Races. More information can be found at www.aims-association.org.
ASOIF
Association of Summer Olympic International Federations. More information can be found at www.asoif.com.
B
Bandit
A runner who participates in a race without registering or paying the entry fee.
A runner who participates in a race without registering or paying the entry fee.
Bonk
In a long run or race, such as a marathon, to bonk is to feel the effort suddenly become much more difficult toward the end of the run. Bonking is associated with the depletion of stored muscle glycogen.
In a long run or race, such as a marathon, to bonk is to feel the effort suddenly become much more difficult toward the end of the run. Bonking is associated with the depletion of stored muscle glycogen.
Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa, a sack that protects the joints in the body impacted by frequent motion/friction (like the knee, shoulder, hip, ankle, etc). Some of the more clever names for bursitis are weaver’s bottom, clergyman’s knee, and miner’s elbow.
Inflammation of the bursa, a sack that protects the joints in the body impacted by frequent motion/friction (like the knee, shoulder, hip, ankle, etc). Some of the more clever names for bursitis are weaver’s bottom, clergyman’s knee, and miner’s elbow.
Bandit
Those runners who rob a race for the experience without permission (or payment). This is run-illegal, especially by us paying customers who forked over $100-plus to participate—if you Photoshop race bibs and post your photo on Instagram, you will get caught!
Those runners who rob a race for the experience without permission (or payment). This is run-illegal, especially by us paying customers who forked over $100-plus to participate—if you Photoshop race bibs and post your photo on Instagram, you will get caught!
Bonk/Hitting the Wall
Scientifically speaking, you’ve depleted your muscle glycogen stores—aka, you’re out of gas. How that looks runner to runner varies, but may include tears, desperation, a zombie-like trance and an almost uncontrollable urge to take a bag of Cheerios from a random toddler because you NEED FOOD.
Scientifically speaking, you’ve depleted your muscle glycogen stores—aka, you’re out of gas. How that looks runner to runner varies, but may include tears, desperation, a zombie-like trance and an almost uncontrollable urge to take a bag of Cheerios from a random toddler because you NEED FOOD.
BQ
Boston qualifier, any marathon that’s certified to award you a ticket to the coveted Boston Marathon based on your time
Boston qualifier, any marathon that’s certified to award you a ticket to the coveted Boston Marathon based on your time
C
Carbo-loading
The practice of altering your diet before a big race. It usually involves a period of starving your body of carbohydrates (one to five days), before upping the carb intake to at least 70-percent of total calories. It is believed by some to maximize your glycogen stores before longer distance races. Highly practiced in the 70s and 80s, carbo-loading is now seldom followed to the extent first laid out; most runners choose to just eating a good carbohydrate filled meal the night before a race.
The practice of altering your diet before a big race. It usually involves a period of starving your body of carbohydrates (one to five days), before upping the carb intake to at least 70-percent of total calories. It is believed by some to maximize your glycogen stores before longer distance races. Highly practiced in the 70s and 80s, carbo-loading is now seldom followed to the extent first laid out; most runners choose to just eating a good carbohydrate filled meal the night before a race.
Chafing
When clothing and a body part or two of body parts rub together, causing redness and irritation. Often happens to men’s nipples (from race singlet), armpits (from arms rubbing side), or under a woman’s sports bra. Vaseline or new clothing usually help.
When clothing and a body part or two of body parts rub together, causing redness and irritation. Often happens to men’s nipples (from race singlet), armpits (from arms rubbing side), or under a woman’s sports bra. Vaseline or new clothing usually help.
Chip time
Your finish time as measured by a computer chip provided by the race and usually worn on the shoe.
Your finish time as measured by a computer chip provided by the race and usually worn on the shoe.
Clydesdale
A weight-challenged runner. To find out more about Clydesdale running
and racing, try this web site: http://www.clydesdale.org/.
and racing, try this web site: http://www.clydesdale.org/.
Cool-down
Slow, easy running done after a hard workout or a hard race to help the body recover. Usually lasts 10 to 20 minutes.
Slow, easy running done after a hard workout or a hard race to help the body recover. Usually lasts 10 to 20 minutes.
CR
Course Record. The fastest time run on a given cross country or road-race course.
Course Record. The fastest time run on a given cross country or road-race course.
Cross-training
Activities like swimming, aqua-jogging, cycling, using the elliptical, etc. that are used to either supplement running with low/no impact aerobic training or to take the place of running when injured.
Activities like swimming, aqua-jogging, cycling, using the elliptical, etc. that are used to either supplement running with low/no impact aerobic training or to take the place of running when injured.
Cruise intervals
A workout used to improve lactate threshold, but shorter and slightly faster than tempo workouts. Cruise intervals usually last three to eight minutes at an intensity of + or – 5 to 10 seconds per mile slower than 10k pace, depending on what you are training for. Rest is usually between one and three minutes (example: 3x5 minutes with the first one at 10k+ pace, the second one at 10k pace, and finishing at faster than 10k with two minute rest between).
A workout used to improve lactate threshold, but shorter and slightly faster than tempo workouts. Cruise intervals usually last three to eight minutes at an intensity of + or – 5 to 10 seconds per mile slower than 10k pace, depending on what you are training for. Rest is usually between one and three minutes (example: 3x5 minutes with the first one at 10k+ pace, the second one at 10k pace, and finishing at faster than 10k with two minute rest between).
Cushioning (or shock absorption)
The ability of a shoe to absorb the impact of footstrike.
D
Daniels training - A training method first practiced by coach Jack Daniels and based upon his belief that running performance in determined by six specific components and that each component needs a specific kind of training to improve.
Die
To have a painful experience in a race or hard workout in which your body shuts down and your pace slows.
To have a painful experience in a race or hard workout in which your body shuts down and your pace slows.
DFL
Dead freaking last, an unofficial race place and point of pride among back-runners
DNF
Did Not Finish. Referring to a runner who starts a race, but drops out before the finish.
Did Not Finish. Referring to a runner who starts a race, but drops out before the finish.
DNS
Did Not Start. Referring to a runner who was entered in a race, but does not start.
Did Not Start. Referring to a runner who was entered in a race, but does not start.
DOMS
Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness. Pain, stiffness or fatigue in the muscles 24 to 48 hours after a hard workout/race. It is caused by microscopic tears in the muscle fibers created by doing more or different training than the body is used to.
Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness. Pain, stiffness or fatigue in the muscles 24 to 48 hours after a hard workout/race. It is caused by microscopic tears in the muscle fibers created by doing more or different training than the body is used to.
Drafting
Letting another runner do all the work. A race strategy where you tuck behind another runner and allow them to suck and block the wind while you cruise through the miles, waiting for the perfect moment to break free.
E
Effort
Referring to the pace of a workout, where how hard you are working is more important than the actual split time. Effort-based workouts are often done off the track where factors like hills, surface and environment often come into play, making it harder to hit a specific time but still working the same system.
Referring to the pace of a workout, where how hard you are working is more important than the actual split time. Effort-based workouts are often done off the track where factors like hills, surface and environment often come into play, making it harder to hit a specific time but still working the same system.
Electrolytes
Vital salts and minerals in the body that can be depleted through sweat and dehydration. Electrolytes are needed in almost every function of the body, including muscle contraction and energy generation. A lack of the minerals (sodium, zinc, potassium, vitamin Bs, etc.) can be devastating to an athlete. Energy drinks like Gatorade, Poweraid, etc., were created to help an athlete replenish these minerals and are probably the best way to maintain a balance during hard exercise.
Vital salts and minerals in the body that can be depleted through sweat and dehydration. Electrolytes are needed in almost every function of the body, including muscle contraction and energy generation. A lack of the minerals (sodium, zinc, potassium, vitamin Bs, etc.) can be devastating to an athlete. Energy drinks like Gatorade, Poweraid, etc., were created to help an athlete replenish these minerals and are probably the best way to maintain a balance during hard exercise.
Elite runner
An athlete who has reached the highest level in his/her sport.
F
Fartlek
Literally means “speed play.” A workout with bursts of varying lengths, intensity, and allotted recovery time injected into a run.
Literally means “speed play.” A workout with bursts of varying lengths, intensity, and allotted recovery time injected into a run.
Fast-twitch muscles
A type of muscle fiber that moves explosively, but is also very quick to fatigue. Successful sprinters have a large proportion of fast-twitch muscles; distance runners utilize this type of muscle the most during the latter stages of a race or a high-speed workout. There is some debate about whether the proportion of fast-twitch to slow-twitch muscles is an unchangeable part of our inborn body composition or if it can be changed through specific training.
A type of muscle fiber that moves explosively, but is also very quick to fatigue. Successful sprinters have a large proportion of fast-twitch muscles; distance runners utilize this type of muscle the most during the latter stages of a race or a high-speed workout. There is some debate about whether the proportion of fast-twitch to slow-twitch muscles is an unchangeable part of our inborn body composition or if it can be changed through specific training.
Foot strike
In the running stride, the moment of contact between the runner's foot and the ground.
In the running stride, the moment of contact between the runner's foot and the ground.
Front Runner
This is the person at the front of the race pack. Some of us only see them on out-and-back courses or if we spectate a race instead of run it.
G
Galloway training
A training program devised by 1972 Olympic marathoner Jeff Galloway. He created it in hopes of finding a way to bring marathon training to the everyday person without injury or over-fatigue. His theory is that if a beginning runner injects walk breaks into long runs and marathon training, than their overall time will improve since they will slow down less at the end of the race or long run. His run-walk-run method was made hugely popular by his articles in Runners' World Magazine. Although he has brought many new people to the sport, there is criticism that Galloway’s method is not “real running,” but those who follow his low-mileage, three-day-a-week running plan swear by its success.
A training program devised by 1972 Olympic marathoner Jeff Galloway. He created it in hopes of finding a way to bring marathon training to the everyday person without injury or over-fatigue. His theory is that if a beginning runner injects walk breaks into long runs and marathon training, than their overall time will improve since they will slow down less at the end of the race or long run. His run-walk-run method was made hugely popular by his articles in Runners' World Magazine. Although he has brought many new people to the sport, there is criticism that Galloway’s method is not “real running,” but those who follow his low-mileage, three-day-a-week running plan swear by its success.
Glycogen
The form in which carbohydrates are stored in the body, mainly in the liver and muscles. When glycogen becomes depleted in the body (after long aerobic efforts), the athlete quickly fatigues and “hits the wall” or “bonks.”
The form in which carbohydrates are stored in the body, mainly in the liver and muscles. When glycogen becomes depleted in the body (after long aerobic efforts), the athlete quickly fatigues and “hits the wall” or “bonks.”
H
Hammer
To run much harder and faster than expected, especially during a planned easy run.
Heart rate
The number of times your heart beats per minute. Many people wear hear-rate monitors, but it is easy to measure manually, as well: Find a pulse and count the beats for 10 seconds, then multiple by six.
The number of times your heart beats per minute. Many people wear hear-rate monitors, but it is easy to measure manually, as well: Find a pulse and count the beats for 10 seconds, then multiple by six.
Heel counter
In shoe construction, the rigid cup inserted into the heel of the shoe, used to provide support for the heel. A high heel counter also signifies a large difference in height between the heel and forefoot of a running shoe.
In shoe construction, the rigid cup inserted into the heel of the shoe, used to provide support for the heel. A high heel counter also signifies a large difference in height between the heel and forefoot of a running shoe.
Hill repeats
An interval workout done on hills instead of flat ground. The added resistance of the incline helps protect the body from the pounding usually associated with speed work, while still employing the same strengths and systems.The benefits of hill workouts include increased cardiovascular strength, greater efficiency dealing with lactic acid, muscular strength, and leg turnover.
An interval workout done on hills instead of flat ground. The added resistance of the incline helps protect the body from the pounding usually associated with speed work, while still employing the same strengths and systems.The benefits of hill workouts include increased cardiovascular strength, greater efficiency dealing with lactic acid, muscular strength, and leg turnover.
Hypoxic
You know when you are so excited to go for a run that you start out too fast and within the first minute, you’re short of breath and thinking, “What’s wrong? This hurts! Why can’t I breathe?”—chances are you’re hypoxic. Basically your lungs aren’t yet keeping up with your heart and you don’t have enough oxygen pumping through your system. Back off the pace until you warm up and catch your breath.
You know when you are so excited to go for a run that you start out too fast and within the first minute, you’re short of breath and thinking, “What’s wrong? This hurts! Why can’t I breathe?”—chances are you’re hypoxic. Basically your lungs aren’t yet keeping up with your heart and you don’t have enough oxygen pumping through your system. Back off the pace until you warm up and catch your breath.
"hitting the wall"
The dreaded point (and awful feeling similar to what your body would feel like if you ran into a wall) during a race when your muscle glycogen stores become depleted and a feeling of fatigue engulfs you.
I
Interval
The designated period of rest between repeats. People often get confused and refer to the running pieces as “intervals” when the term actually denotes the rest between the periods of intensity.
The designated period of rest between repeats. People often get confused and refer to the running pieces as “intervals” when the term actually denotes the rest between the periods of intensity.
Interval training
A type of workout where a set distance (repeat) is run a certain amount of times with a set recovery (interval) between each piece. For example: 4x400m with 60 seconds jog in-between.
A type of workout where a set distance (repeat) is run a certain amount of times with a set recovery (interval) between each piece. For example: 4x400m with 60 seconds jog in-between.
Intervals/Repeats
For this type of training, short, fast bursts—usually in the 200 to 800 meter range—are alternated with slower running intervals. They can leave you prone to despair and saying evil things about your coach, but they are very effective for building speed and fitness.
For this type of training, short, fast bursts—usually in the 200 to 800 meter range—are alternated with slower running intervals. They can leave you prone to despair and saying evil things about your coach, but they are very effective for building speed and fitness.
ITB
Iliotibial band, that pesky fascia band from your hip to the knee.
Iliotibial band, that pesky fascia band from your hip to the knee.
J
Junior
An athlete that is under 20 years of age on December 31st of a given year.
An athlete that is under 20 years of age on December 31st of a given year.
Junk miles
Runs completed or mileage added by a runner just to hit a certain amount of daily or weekly mileage with no other specific purpose.
Runs completed or mileage added by a runner just to hit a certain amount of daily or weekly mileage with no other specific purpose.
junior
According to the IAAF, a junior is any athlete who is under 20 on December 31 of that year. For example, an athlete whose birthday is November 12, 1979 will be a junior in 1998 but not in 1999.
K
K
Shorthand for kilometer (.621 miles). Example: A 5k is a 5-kilometer race (about 3.1 miles).
Shorthand for kilometer (.621 miles). Example: A 5k is a 5-kilometer race (about 3.1 miles).
Kick
The finishing sprint at the end of the race.
The finishing sprint at the end of the race.
Kilometer
The standard international unit of measurement for running. One kilometer is equal to .621 miles.
The standard international unit of measurement for running. One kilometer is equal to .621 miles.
L
Lactate threshold
The specific level of running intensity where lactic acid begins to rapidly accumulate in the blood during the body’s transition between anaerobic and aerobic running. Lactate threshold speed is your 10K-race pace plus 5 to 20 seconds or a heart rate zone between 85 and 89 percent of maximum. A treadmill lab test is used to determine one’s lactate threshold, but the goal of good training is to increase the lactate threshold so that less lactic acid is produced while the body learns to use oxygen more efficiently. Also known as anaerobic threshold.
The specific level of running intensity where lactic acid begins to rapidly accumulate in the blood during the body’s transition between anaerobic and aerobic running. Lactate threshold speed is your 10K-race pace plus 5 to 20 seconds or a heart rate zone between 85 and 89 percent of maximum. A treadmill lab test is used to determine one’s lactate threshold, but the goal of good training is to increase the lactate threshold so that less lactic acid is produced while the body learns to use oxygen more efficiently. Also known as anaerobic threshold.
Lactic acid
The byproduct of the body’s use of carbohydrates. Lactic acid is usually felt as a burning fatigue in the muscles towards the end or after workouts/races.
The byproduct of the body’s use of carbohydrates. Lactic acid is usually felt as a burning fatigue in the muscles towards the end or after workouts/races.
Last
In shoe construction, a last is used to represent the shape of the foot while the shoe is being made. It is responsible for the shape of the sole, primarily its straightness or curvature. Last can also refer to the shape of the sole itself.
In shoe construction, a last is used to represent the shape of the foot while the shoe is being made. It is responsible for the shape of the sole, primarily its straightness or curvature. Last can also refer to the shape of the sole itself.
lateral
Refers to the outer edge of a shoe.
Log
A training journal or database where athletes keep track of their mileage, workouts, results and overall health.
A training journal or database where athletes keep track of their mileage, workouts, results and overall health.
Lollipop loop
A running route that includes both an out-and-back and a loop, so the final course takes the shape of a lollipop.
A running route that includes both an out-and-back and a loop, so the final course takes the shape of a lollipop.
LSD
Long Slow Distance. Refers to mileage done at an easy pace to increase base endurance.
Long Slow Distance. Refers to mileage done at an easy pace to increase base endurance.
Lydiard training
A style of training developed by New Zealand coach Arthur Lydiard in the 1960s that changed the way people thought about training from the 800 to the marathon. Lydiard believed in heavy periodization in the training of an athlete and the premise that all runners should train as though preparing for a marathon. Though quite complicated and involving about four distinct periods of training, the term “Lydiard style” has become shorthand for any training that involves a lot of miles, longer, aerobic workouts and hills.
A style of training developed by New Zealand coach Arthur Lydiard in the 1960s that changed the way people thought about training from the 800 to the marathon. Lydiard believed in heavy periodization in the training of an athlete and the premise that all runners should train as though preparing for a marathon. Though quite complicated and involving about four distinct periods of training, the term “Lydiard style” has become shorthand for any training that involves a lot of miles, longer, aerobic workouts and hills.
M
Marathon
26.2 miles; According to legend, in 490 B.C., a Greek soldier name Philippides ran the distance from the site of the battle of Marathon to Athens, where he died after the Greek victory over the Persians.
MasterAn athlete 40 years of age or older is designated a "master" in the U.S. Many other countries use the term "veteran."
Max heart rate
The highest heart rate achieved during a specific period of exertion. Everyone has a different max heart rate, but it usually lies somewhere around 200 beats per minute (+-10bpm).
The highest heart rate achieved during a specific period of exertion. Everyone has a different max heart rate, but it usually lies somewhere around 200 beats per minute (+-10bpm).
Maximalist
This category refers to shoes with supreme amounts of underfoot cushion. Hoka One One set the standard, but many other brands are now introducing shoe models with a cushy ride. Thanks to new foam technologies, streamlined uppers and lower heel-to-toe drops, cushion doesn’t mean clunky.
medial
Referring to the inner side (or arch side) of a shoe.
"metric mile"
1500m, the international racing distance closest to the imperial mile.
Metric mile
A 1500 m long track race, and the distance most frequently used in outdoor track competition that comes closest in distance to the full mile (1609).
A 1500 m long track race, and the distance most frequently used in outdoor track competition that comes closest in distance to the full mile (1609).
midsole
The area of the shoe between the upper and outsole that's primarily responsible for the shoe's cushioning. Most midsoles are made of foams: either EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) or polyurethane. EVA is lighter and more flexible than polyurethane, but it also breaks down more quickly. Many midsoles also have additional cushioning elements such as air, gel and various embedded plastic units.
mile
1609 meters, 5280 feet, or 1760 yards. Note: 1600m is not a mile.
Minimalist
Minimalist shoes are generally very lightweight, have a low heel-to-toe drop (usually somewhere between 0 to 6mm), little support or structure, flexible uppers and less underfoot cushion than a standard running shoe. Proponents of minimalist shoes tout increased ground feel and more natural foot movement.
Mondo
A type of track surface that has been used in every Olympic Games since Montreal in 1976. It is considered one of--or the--fastest surface available, because it is laid/rolled out in a single direction instead of being poured on like other surfaces. This creates a highly efficient, cross-angle friction that compliments the forward motion of the runner. (Example: “I love that track.The mondo is so great to run on, I feel so fast.”).
A type of track surface that has been used in every Olympic Games since Montreal in 1976. It is considered one of--or the--fastest surface available, because it is laid/rolled out in a single direction instead of being poured on like other surfaces. This creates a highly efficient, cross-angle friction that compliments the forward motion of the runner. (Example: “I love that track.The mondo is so great to run on, I feel so fast.”).
Motion control
The ability of a shoe to limit overpronation.
MUT
Mountain/ultra/trail, a type of crazy runner
Mountain/ultra/trail, a type of crazy runner
N
Negative split
Running the second half of the race or run faster than the first half.
Running the second half of the race or run faster than the first half.
NR
National Record.
National Record.
Negative splits
A totally positive goal during a race. When you’ve chipped seconds off each mile during a race, resulting in slower-to-faster mile splits from start to finish, you’ve entered the subzero category.
A totally positive goal during a race. When you’ve chipped seconds off each mile during a race, resulting in slower-to-faster mile splits from start to finish, you’ve entered the subzero category.
O
OD
Over Distance. Training over longer distances than the race distance itself.
Over Distance. Training over longer distances than the race distance itself.
Outsole
The material, usually made of hard carbon rubber, on the bottom of most running shoes; the layer of the shoe that contacts the ground.
Over-pronation
The excessive inward roll of the foot after the heel hits the ground and before toe-off. It can be the cause of many running injures, as it unevenly distributes the pressure from impact, but can be corrected with the right kind of shoe (usually with much more mid-foot and arch support, indicated with the darker material in the inside middle cushion of the shoes). See pronation.
The excessive inward roll of the foot after the heel hits the ground and before toe-off. It can be the cause of many running injures, as it unevenly distributes the pressure from impact, but can be corrected with the right kind of shoe (usually with much more mid-foot and arch support, indicated with the darker material in the inside middle cushion of the shoes). See pronation.
P
Pace
The measure of the speed of running. In the U.S. it is usually measured in the minutes it takes to cover a mile (example: 7:30 min/mile). Internationally, it is usually measured in minutes per kilometer (example: 4 min/kilometer).
The measure of the speed of running. In the U.S. it is usually measured in the minutes it takes to cover a mile (example: 7:30 min/mile). Internationally, it is usually measured in minutes per kilometer (example: 4 min/kilometer).
Peak
The time you want to be able to perform your best – usually in regards to timing your fitness to coincide with the most important race of your season.
The time you want to be able to perform your best – usually in regards to timing your fitness to coincide with the most important race of your season.
PED
Performance-Enhancing Drug. An illegal drug that unnaturally helps an athlete perform at a higher level (example: Steroids, EPO, human growth hormone).
Performance-Enhancing Drug. An illegal drug that unnaturally helps an athlete perform at a higher level (example: Steroids, EPO, human growth hormone).
pick-ups
Accelerations done during a run, normally done in shorter durations than fartleks. Pick-ups are simply another way to spice up what would otherwise be an easy-run day.
Plyos/Plyometrics
Exercises used to help improve speed, form and the function of the nervous system, and modified to help with a specific sport. In most exercises, the muscle is loaded then contracted quickly to build strength. Most sports use plyos to build explosive strength, but often, distance runners modify them to help prevent injury or fatigue. Also called drills. (Examples: High knees, medicine ball motions, butt kicks, skipping, burpees, etc
Exercises used to help improve speed, form and the function of the nervous system, and modified to help with a specific sport. In most exercises, the muscle is loaded then contracted quickly to build strength. Most sports use plyos to build explosive strength, but often, distance runners modify them to help prevent injury or fatigue. Also called drills. (Examples: High knees, medicine ball motions, butt kicks, skipping, burpees, etc
Post-collegiate
A term used to describe a runner who is still involved very seriously in competitive running and performs at a high level after college. Some post-collegiate runners have shoe sponsors, some may be part of a club team, some may train on their own, but all maintain high training levels and high standards of competition.
A term used to describe a runner who is still involved very seriously in competitive running and performs at a high level after college. Some post-collegiate runners have shoe sponsors, some may be part of a club team, some may train on their own, but all maintain high training levels and high standards of competition.
post (or medial post)
Firmer density of midsole material added to the inner side of the shoe. A post is designed to reduce overpronation.
PR/PB
Personal Record/Personal Best. Said in reference to setting your personal-best time for a given distance. Example: I just ran a five-second PB in the mile, dropping from 5:00 to 4:55!
Personal Record/Personal Best. Said in reference to setting your personal-best time for a given distance. Example: I just ran a five-second PB in the mile, dropping from 5:00 to 4:55!
Prep
Term used to refer to a high school athlete or high school athletics. For example, the prep sport section of a newspaper covers only high school sports.
Term used to refer to a high school athlete or high school athletics. For example, the prep sport section of a newspaper covers only high school sports.
Pronation
The instinctive action that occurs when your foot hits the ground. The heel hits and the foot rolls inward as the arch collapses. It is important to find out how much you pronate (over-pronation, supination or neutral) to find the right kind of shoe.
The instinctive action that occurs when your foot hits the ground. The heel hits and the foot rolls inward as the arch collapses. It is important to find out how much you pronate (over-pronation, supination or neutral) to find the right kind of shoe.
Q
Quarters
Lingo for 400 meters (1/4 mile). Often used when describing a workout (example: I have to do 10 quarters today on the track. [10x400m]).
Lingo for 400 meters (1/4 mile). Often used when describing a workout (example: I have to do 10 quarters today on the track. [10x400m]).
R
Rabbit
Referring to the designated pacemaker in a track or road race. The athlete, or rabbit, is set up to run a specific time through a certain point in the race in an effort to set-up a fast pace. Rabbits usually drop out 1/2 or 3/4 of the way through the race. For example, in a mile race, the rabbit would start with all the other athletes, but take the lead right away. If they were supposed to run a 4:00-minute pace, they might take the field though the 800 in 2:00 minutes and drop out soon after. Rabbits are often paid for pacing and not allowed in championship situations (the Olympics/NCAA/National Championships/etc).
Referring to the designated pacemaker in a track or road race. The athlete, or rabbit, is set up to run a specific time through a certain point in the race in an effort to set-up a fast pace. Rabbits usually drop out 1/2 or 3/4 of the way through the race. For example, in a mile race, the rabbit would start with all the other athletes, but take the lead right away. If they were supposed to run a 4:00-minute pace, they might take the field though the 800 in 2:00 minutes and drop out soon after. Rabbits are often paid for pacing and not allowed in championship situations (the Olympics/NCAA/National Championships/etc).
Repeat
The set distance covered during an interval session, usually with a specific pace/time in mind and with a set interval of recovery.
The set distance covered during an interval session, usually with a specific pace/time in mind and with a set interval of recovery.
Resting heart rate
The number of times your heart beats per minute when you are still and relaxed. The lower your resting heart-rate, the better your level of fitness. However, keep in mind that everyone has a different standard heart rate, so there is no “norm.”
The number of times your heart beats per minute when you are still and relaxed. The lower your resting heart-rate, the better your level of fitness. However, keep in mind that everyone has a different standard heart rate, so there is no “norm.”
RICE
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevate. The “prescription” for treating most injuries.
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevate. The “prescription” for treating most injuries.
ride
The ability of a shoe to provide a smooth transfer of a runner's weight from heel-strike to toe-off. Ride is a largely subjective quality, but shoe wearers know it when a shoe has or lacks a good ride.
Rigg
Usually in reference to the last quarter or kick of a race, where the athlete ties up and appears to be in a kind of state of rigor-mortis (aka, barely alive to finish the race). Example: "Did you see that guy? He totally rigged the last 100 of that race!"
Usually in reference to the last quarter or kick of a race, where the athlete ties up and appears to be in a kind of state of rigor-mortis (aka, barely alive to finish the race). Example: "Did you see that guy? He totally rigged the last 100 of that race!"
Runner’s high
The feeling of euphoria or exhalation during or after a long, hard effort, related to the secretion of chemical endorphins. It is hard to describe, but you will know it when you feel it.
The feeling of euphoria or exhalation during or after a long, hard effort, related to the secretion of chemical endorphins. It is hard to describe, but you will know it when you feel it.
Running economy
The amount of oxygen used at any given running speed. The less oxygen you use at a certain speed, the more economical you are.
The amount of oxygen used at any given running speed. The less oxygen you use at a certain speed, the more economical you are.
RRCA
Sandbagger
A person who publicly downplays their training, bashes their (often new) gear, questions their physical ability and then proceeds to push the pace on a group run or smoke a race. Sandbagging is not to be confused with being humble.
The best time/performance you have had in a given season. It is not your PR or best time ever, but the best one you have run during a certain training cycle.
Singlet
A thin, sleeveless jersey worn by runners during races. They usually have a logo or team affiliation on the front.
A thin, sleeveless jersey worn by runners during races. They usually have a logo or team affiliation on the front.
Singletrack
For single-file trail running. This type of trail is not wide enough for any misstep, so two-way traffic is out of the question. Please step aside.
Sit-and-kick
A type of racing strategy in which a runner relies on his superior finishing speed and makes no attempt to gain the lead of the race until the very end.
A type of racing strategy in which a runner relies on his superior finishing speed and makes no attempt to gain the lead of the race until the very end.
Slow-twitch muscles
A type of muscle fiber that contracts slowly, but can be used for a long time. Distance runners usually have more slow-twitch than fast-twitch muscles. There is some debate about whether the proportion of fast-twitch to slow-twitch muscles is an unchangeable part of our inborn body composition or if it can be changed through specific training.
A type of muscle fiber that contracts slowly, but can be used for a long time. Distance runners usually have more slow-twitch than fast-twitch muscles. There is some debate about whether the proportion of fast-twitch to slow-twitch muscles is an unchangeable part of our inborn body composition or if it can be changed through specific training.
Split
The term for the amount of time it takes to run a portion of the total run or race. (Example: My total 5k time was 18:30, but my last mile split was 5:45.)
The term for the amount of time it takes to run a portion of the total run or race. (Example: My total 5k time was 18:30, but my last mile split was 5:45.)
stability
The ability of a shoe to resist excessive foot motion
Steady state runs
A run done at a pace somewhere between “fast” and “slow;” not an interval workout, but not easy either. Steady state runs are usually between half-marathon and marathon pace and can be anywhere from 20 to 90 minutes long, depending on what you are training for.
A run done at a pace somewhere between “fast” and “slow;” not an interval workout, but not easy either. Steady state runs are usually between half-marathon and marathon pace and can be anywhere from 20 to 90 minutes long, depending on what you are training for.
Strides
Short, fast sprinting pieces lasting between 15 and 20 seconds with full recovery between. They are usually done after an easy run or before a race or workout. The purpose of strides is to help your legs turnover more quickly and get them ready for a hard effort.
Short, fast sprinting pieces lasting between 15 and 20 seconds with full recovery between. They are usually done after an easy run or before a race or workout. The purpose of strides is to help your legs turnover more quickly and get them ready for a hard effort.
Supination
The opposite of pronation. The outward rolling of the foot after heel impact, which puts most pressure on the outside of the foot. Supination is rare and occurs in less than one-percent of the running population.
Surge
A tactic in which the runner speeds up drastically, but typically slows again soon after. Surges can be used to break away from the pack or to check who is running easily and who is laboring.
The opposite of pronation. The outward rolling of the foot after heel impact, which puts most pressure on the outside of the foot. Supination is rare and occurs in less than one-percent of the running population.
Surge
A tactic in which the runner speeds up drastically, but typically slows again soon after. Surges can be used to break away from the pack or to check who is running easily and who is laboring.
T
Taper
A period of semi-rest before a big competition, usually practiced the week or two before a big race. During a taper, mileage and workouts will be cut down a certain amount in order to rest your body for that one day.
A tempo run broken up into different repeats with rest between each piece. Each repeat is usually between 10k and 10k+10 to 20 seconds/mile pace and lasts between 10 and 15 minutes (per repeat). Example: 3x2 miles @ 10k effort with three minute rest between.
A period of semi-rest before a big competition, usually practiced the week or two before a big race. During a taper, mileage and workouts will be cut down a certain amount in order to rest your body for that one day.
Target heart rate
A range of heart rate reached during aerobic training, which enables an athlete to gain maximum benefit.
Tempo intervalsA tempo run broken up into different repeats with rest between each piece. Each repeat is usually between 10k and 10k+10 to 20 seconds/mile pace and lasts between 10 and 15 minutes (per repeat). Example: 3x2 miles @ 10k effort with three minute rest between.
Tempo runs
A type of workout used to improve lactate threshold that is longer and slower than cruise intervals, but faster than steady state runs. Tempo runs should be comfortably hard and last between 10 and 45 minutes at roughly 15 to 20 seconds per mile slower than your 10k-race pace.
A type of workout used to improve lactate threshold that is longer and slower than cruise intervals, but faster than steady state runs. Tempo runs should be comfortably hard and last between 10 and 45 minutes at roughly 15 to 20 seconds per mile slower than your 10k-race pace.
Tendonitis
Inflammation of the tendon, causing irritation and friction along the sheath that encases the tendon, which leads to more inflammation and pain.
Inflammation of the tendon, causing irritation and friction along the sheath that encases the tendon, which leads to more inflammation and pain.
Tendonosis
Non-inflammatory, repetitive stress injury of the tendon fibers. Whereas tendonitis is the inflammation of the tendon, tendonosis is the damage of the tissue itself.
Non-inflammatory, repetitive stress injury of the tendon fibers. Whereas tendonitis is the inflammation of the tendon, tendonosis is the damage of the tissue itself.
The wall/hitting the wall
A state of pure exhaustion where your body runs out of glycogen stores. Also called “bonking.” Hitting the wall often occurs after the 20-mile mark of a marathon.
A state of pure exhaustion where your body runs out of glycogen stores. Also called “bonking.” Hitting the wall often occurs after the 20-mile mark of a marathon.
Threshold runs
When you want to test your lactate threshold and dry heave when done. They are generally shorter and faster than tempo runs and can be broken down into painful repeats with only enough rest to not die (30 to 60 seconds).
Toebox
The front portion of a shoe's upper. A wide toebox allows plenty of room for the toes to spread.
Turnover
The amount of times your feet hit the ground, usually measured in steps per minute. The better a runner’s turnover, the more efficient his/her form should be. Most believe that your turnover should be at least 180 steps/minute (an easy way to tell is to count the amount of times one foot hits the ground per minute and double it).
The amount of times your feet hit the ground, usually measured in steps per minute. The better a runner’s turnover, the more efficient his/her form should be. Most believe that your turnover should be at least 180 steps/minute (an easy way to tell is to count the amount of times one foot hits the ground per minute and double it).
U
Ultra-marathon
A race that exceeds the traditional 26.2 miles marathon distance.
A race that exceeds the traditional 26.2 miles marathon distance.
underpronator
Underpronation is less common than overpronation. The shoes of underpronators show outsole wear on the lateral (outer) side not just at the heel but all the way up to the forefoot. Typically, underpronators tend to break down the heel counters of their shoes on the lateral side.
upper
The leather or mesh material that encloses the foot.
USATF
USOC
V
VDOT
An overall, more holistic number (vs. VO2max) that measures an athlete’s ability to run fast. VDOT was created by Jack Daniels and is based on a runner’s most recent competition results. It includes factors like mental toughness, running economy and form that give a better overall view of an athlete’s potential.
An overall, more holistic number (vs. VO2max) that measures an athlete’s ability to run fast. VDOT was created by Jack Daniels and is based on a runner’s most recent competition results. It includes factors like mental toughness, running economy and form that give a better overall view of an athlete’s potential.
veteran
International term similar to "master" in the U.S. According to the IAAF, men become "veterans" on their 40th birthday; women, on their 35th birthday.
VO2Max (maximal oxygen consumption)
Maximum aerobic capacity or maximum amount of oxygen that can be utilized by a body; a high VO2max usually indicates greater performance potential, and although the number can be increased with training, it does have a limited genetic component. VO2max is usually found in a treadmill lab test.
Maximum aerobic capacity or maximum amount of oxygen that can be utilized by a body; a high VO2max usually indicates greater performance potential, and although the number can be increased with training, it does have a limited genetic component. VO2max is usually found in a treadmill lab test.
W
Warm-up
Easy running done before a workout or race. Warm-ups are used to get your heart rate up and get the muscles ready for a hard effort. They usually last between 10 to 30 minutes.
Easy running done before a workout or race. Warm-ups are used to get your heart rate up and get the muscles ready for a hard effort. They usually last between 10 to 30 minutes.
WR
World record, fastest time in the world run at any given distance
World record, fastest time in the world run at any given distance
Content Source:
Compilation from www.competitor.com, www.runnersworld.com and www.isport.com,
